About a month ago I received some email with questions about how Airbag got started as a for-profit company. Here are the questions and answers for the benefit of others.
Well, I'd love to be able to say that yes my name, this Airbag brand, had reached such great heights that I had to leave the day job but that wasn't necessarily the case.
Almost two years ago I left employment because my wife and I had decided to move out of state. Then quite suddenly we reversed that decision and I found myself at a good time in life to take what money I had saved for a rainy daynot much mind youand turn Airbag into a corporation (read about it in now-agonizing detail). That said, years of writing about design, web standards, iced lattes led to the creation of a brand that definitely helped make that transition from employee to principal a lot easier.
Another factor in that decision making process was a large group of family and friends who all thought it was time that I started my own company. Their excitement and enthusiasm was the icing on the cake and what finally convinced me to go out on my own.
Most people I know who quit working for the Man so they could clock-in for themselves did so because their side-work-business grew to the point where they had the opportunity to go solo. Unless you're a trust-fund baby or have an incredibly intelligent significant other who pulls down the big money based off her uber skillz in science and/or math then I would suggest going this route to avoid the financial hardships that are likely to come but it's your roller coaster ride so do what you will.
It was never my intention to go solo, the plan for Airbag has always been to grow it well beyond the one-man shop (we are now three people flying blissfully under the radar). After more than a decade in the business I have gotten to know a lot of designers, developers, sysops, etc. all of whom I could bring in as subcontractors when the need arose so I didn't feel compelled to latch on to someone in the beginning.
About partnering, I have been in too many situations where more resources and attention are spent creating the partnership than doing good work (sometime I'll tell you about the web design shop I started with a Lt. Governor of Alaska). Focus on doing good work with people who compliment your skill set and the partnership will form naturally.
That said, it's likely that clients will be concerned awarding a contract to a single operator. The best way to overcome this problem initially is to get time and cost commitments from people you need to add to your project team and then include everyone's bio along with their skill sets in your proposal.
Currently all of our jobs have come in through Airbag readership or referrals from friends and colleagues. For the last six months I have devoted time to prepare for some kind of marketing and sales effort in order to grow revenue and further stabilize cash flow. After you read the Journal long enough you realize that businesses spend money in amounts measured in tonnage. It's my intention to make it easy for those companies to spend their tons at Airbag.
The first step in this process is to start learning more about money: Who has it, where do they spend it, and what can you do to help funnel it into your bank accounts.
One way to get your brain to start thinking like this is to read the financial news and occasionally magazines like Fast Company (Look it doesn't make me happy to say this but Business 2.0 is a waste of money, who wants to read one month old blog posts printed on thin paper?), listen to Marketplace on NPR and subscribe to your local business journal.
That last part, I believe, is key to person starting out on their own. It's one thing to learn more about global economics -- that will help you to see money and that's important if you, like me, have had a hard time seeing past seven digits -- but unless your name is an established brand you're not likely going to land a six-figure contract right out of the gates. Start small, manageable, and constantly prepare for success.
You would be amazed, perhaps astonished, at how little small to mid size companies know about the web and the many opportunities they may be missing because they lack the knowledge to know how to leverage the medium to grow sales, increase awareness, cut costs, etc. Wrap that into a proposal and submit it, via mail, to the person who will give you money to get things done.
I read somewhere (I'm kicking myself for not writing down the source) that half of all businesses in the United States are not on the web. Chew on that.
I only work on the parts of a project where my talents lie. For me this means writing all project planning documents, drafting the information architecture, designing, and occasionally copywriting (My strengths are not equal in these areas but they are not rocket science to me whereas dealing with .htacess files, MYSQL queries, and IE 6 hacks are and so I do my best to avoid ever having to do that work. Sometimes this means living in the mountains for months on end).
Once a project moves into development I hand that over to others and then put on my project manager overalls and start looking for the next three of four projects to bring in. During development and implementation I will assist with testing and handle the communication with the client up until the project has ended.
This is a really great question. Initially I started Airbag as a company that designed and developed websites knowing that eventually I would add products and services to meet the demands of the marketplace while looking for new opportunities. In addition to Airbag's soup-to-nuts services (web site design-to-development-to-implementation) we provide creative direction and production management to a companies who either can't afford to hire these positions full-time or have had difficulty in finding a good employee for the job. Meanwhile we have a few product start ups that are in the research and planning stage (that said we absolutely do not work for startups in exchange for ownership, those deals are bogus).
There are no guarantees in business and there never will be (ask Wieden + Kennedy about loosing Nike's $11M interactive running account after being BFF for twenty years) that's the hard part about growing a company. The only thing you can do is to think 90-days out and do what you can to continually bring in business.
One way to help alleviate that gun-to-the-head feeling is to get a retainer or two. Generally that business arrangement favors the client but it's nice to have a financial base to grow from. Another method is to have your companies bank set up a line of credit--for your business, not your personal account--that you can use to cover payroll for a month or two.
For some people, that's the only way they can get started but I would agree with you, going that route is stupid. Keep your day job while growing the side-business. If you're good there will come a point when working both jobs is going to be painful. That's great! Keep going until you don't think you can possibly do any more and sometime shortly afterward you'll find that you have enough business momentum to go out on your own.
I don't know anyone who took the fast track (meaning they burned through their savings trying to start a company) and was around longer than a year.
I guess. If you don't have work already coming in then I don't see the sense in starting a business. Marketing and sales should only be brought in when you have the infrastructure to handle success. I want to add a sales process to Airbag sometime in the Fall to see how that might work for this type of company. Otherwise we'll continue to enhance the methods we currently use to get the Airbag brand name out there (read: networking, writing, paying off the Federalizes, and making good use of an army of ninjas) until that's tapped dry.
If you have more questions about Airbag, the business of web design/development, or getting started feel free to ask.





Join the fray by reading through and commenting at the end.
Great post, if you don't mind, I have a fee additional questions.
I have been thinking about going sole for a while, and have heard from many sources the importance of understanding money. My main problem is cash flow and capital? How do you guarantee your employees pay. How do you know you will have enough work to stay busy, keep them busy and have enough cash flow to pay them?
Usually people will use up their lifetime savings in the first year of going solo, while trying to stay afloat. I am not sure that is very smart, or safe at all. What do you have to say about that?
When you left your full time job were you not afraid that the money coming in was not going to be enough to cover your expenses?
I would also think that any company, even as a one man show. initially, you would need someone to handle marketing and sales. Even if it's the same person doing the actual design. What are your views on that?
I thought you were a Zepplin captain...
...no ticket...
Lot's of wonderful info. I'm definitely bookmarking this one for future reference. Retirement is a little ways off in my current form of employment, but, who knows, I may need to refer to your sage wisdom in those days.
Also, I think you dropped a forward slash where a dot should be in your contact link in the post body.
Thanks again for posting your "going solo" process.
This was a great read Greg!
Good stuff, Greg. Wonderful to read. I'm curious how all this plays into your partnership (or whatever you'd call it) with Happy Cog. Call to comment? :)
Ditto (as a minor character in the linked post) would be curious to hear how you'd exactly describe the Happy Cog relationship — isn't that "partnering"? Or is a virtual federation? We've been involved in a few collaborations and frankly they seem to strain a bit with major clients, who would rather have one entity truly accountable. Do all of the HC'ers run their own businesses simultaneously?
> Great post, if you don't mind, I have a fee additional questions.
Not at all Bruno, I've added your questions and my answers to the list above.
> I'm curious how all this plays into your partnership (or whatever you'd call it) with Happy Cog.
I serve at the pleasure of the Godfather. That usually means that I'm brought in to do some design work from time to time. As far as business is concerned, Happy Cog is another client and I wear their uniform when Zeldman hits Happycoggers Are Go! button. The same is true with our biggest client Lexblog where I serve as their creative director.
> We've been involved in a few collaborations and frankly they seem to strain a bit with major clients, who would rather have one entity truly accountable.
Why would the client care as long as the work is done according to what's been agreed to? So far our collaborative projects have gone well. Sure there are always a few bumps in the road but nothing that wouldn't also occur if all the work was being done by one company.
> Do all of the HC'ers run their own businesses simultaneously?
Not that I am aware of. I think I'm the only one with special needs.
Well, there are a few issues that can crop up, from trivial to legal, but yes just about all large projects are collaborations between separate vendors anyway. It can be a bit of telephone game tho, and the more steps there are between communication points, the more ambiguity and trouble can creep in. Sometimes there's no substitute for having everyone in the same room for all critical project moments. It's not our problem, but I've seen the virtual "staff" approach come back to haunt some firms — smart clients are usually savvy enough to figure out that if everyone isn't at one phone number and the all have their own practices, then they're really not "staff" at all (in any meaningful, traditional sense of the word), but they're a collection of idependent contractors assembled for the project, with no particularly loyalty or commitment to the overall entity. Often this can be a good thing, sometimes it's not so good.
Excellent post Greg. I seriously enjoyed it. The "to think 90 days out" line reminded me of my own solo days.
This is good stuff Greg. I love reading your answers and comparing /contrasting them to what we're doing at Blue Flavor.
re: strategic partnering. We've done a fair amount of that (I guess we'd play the Happy Cog role more than not) and it's worked out just fine. I think all it takes is being honest up front, setting expectations and making sure those lines of communication are open, regardless of where they are in the real world.
Thank you for the answers.
I have noticed from working with clients on side projects, that account receivables plays a big part. Technically you can't force you clients to pay up as soon they get the bill. I feel there is a 20-45 days grace period that they all expect.
I found that what usually works for me is breaking the project into smaller chunks and requiring payment for each section ahead of time. Some clients are not very happy with that tactic, usually the smaller ones. How do you handle this? Do you require partial payment ahead of time?
Also, I found extremely important to learn how to say no. Passing on accounts that might hurt your business growth is an important aspect of any business. Sometimes it may seem like you're wasting away good opportunities; from past experiences, do not be fooled.
I found, out not too long ago, that there's one important factor to consider when deciding on the future of a prospective account, I always ask myself: Does the client need the solution they are requesting or the they want it.
It seems to always work out that way, if they 'want it' but don't 'need it', you can be sure you are entering risk territory. Can you relate to this?
> I think all it takes is being honest up front, setting expectations and making sure those lines of communication are open, regardless of where they are in the real world.
Agreed.
> Also, I found extremely important to learn how to say no. Passing on accounts that might hurt your business growth is an important aspect of any business.
That's so true. Drugs/client work, meh, they both get the same answer.
Greg --
Appreciate your candor on the subject, and enjoyed the article. My question -- is being a mini "publisher" also helping your bottom line in "making it?" You have a spot for the Deck, which I'm sure many publishers would give their two front teeth for. Without asking you to go into detail as to what you make off it, is it incidental spending money or a legitimate source of income?
> ...is being a mini "publisher" also helping your bottom line in "making it?"
Any income from Airbag "the blog" goes into a seperate account for now but I don't intend to count on that revenue as part of the company's cash flow.
"(ask Wieden + Kennedy about loosing Nike's $11M interactive running account after being BFF for twenty years)"
"Loosing?" Perhaps they needed to double-knot their laces. ; )
$11M is I'm sure chump change compared to the print/TV accounts that W+K still controls (if they still control that). That budget's about the production cost and media buy for one/two NFL-game TV commercials, which I'd imagine is about 1% of Nike's overall annual advertising/marketing spend.
Greg, IDC published a stat in 2005 indicating that over half of small businesses don't have a website. I'm sure that's changed a bit in the past year or two, but I bet there are A LOT of small businesses out there still trying to figure out what to do with the web.
And, not surprisingly, there is a lot of churn in the millions of small businesses in the United States. The unsuccessful go and the upstarts start each year, and that represents a lot of opportunity.
You might do well to introduce your design practice to a few good, local lawyers and accountants that assist small businesses. They can see a lot of traffic in a year.